3^rd International Conference on Astronomy and Space Science May 02-03, 2019 Park Inn by Radisson Hotel Heathrow, London, UK

Biography:

Noureddine E Raouafi has completed his PhD at Paris XI University Orsay, France in 2000. He is a Senior Scientist at the Johns Hopkins University-Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, USA. He has published more than 34 papers in reputed journals. He is also the Project Scientist of the Parker Solar Probe mission. His main area of interest is the study of the dynamic solar corona via the analysis of spectral and imaging observations and theoretical interpretation of coronal emissions. His primary contributions have been in the area of solar magnetic fields, coronal polarimetry, coronal plumes, jets, CMEs, solar energetic particles, and cometary physics. His analysis of coronal observations led to in-depth insight into the physics underlying the formation and evolution of different
coronal structures.

Abstract:

The Parker Solar Probe mission launched successfully on August 12, 2018 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. It is on its journey to unveil the mysteries of the solar corona and inner heliosphere. Parker Solar Probe is the first mission to fly into the solar corona and provide answers to questions that puzzled scientists for many decades: how the coronal plasma is heated to multi-million degrees and accelerated to hundreds of kilometers per second and how hazardous solar energetic particles are accelerated and transported near the Sun. Parker Solar Probe may also lead to discoveries of new phenomena completely unknown thus far.

The spacecraft system checks and instrument commissioning have been ongoing since the launch with great success and are nearing completion. Valuable data has been collected during this period. We are now preparing for the first solar encounter. We provide an overview on the status of the mission and science results from the first solar encounter.

Biography:

David A Harrison has worked at Materion Precision Optics (formerly Barr Associates) for 30 years. Currently as the business development manager for the Space & Astronomy group with a main concentration for 1M class optical components and space-based optics. Experienced in design engineering, process engineering and program management of such programs (PANSTARRS, LSST, JWST, MASTCAM, PROBA-V, Sentinel 2, etc…).

Abstract:

For over 40 years Materion Precision Optics (formerly Barr Associates) has been providing precision optical coatings for some of the world’s most challenging ground and space based astronomical programs. From UV-LWIR Materion offers a wide range of optical coatings (bandpass filters, dichroic beam splitters and mirrors). Our Large Area Optics Lab was designed and built to specifically provide high performance optics (>1.2M) to the large telescope community. This paper will present in detail our set up, capabilities and heritage in this area. This paper will also include our space-based optics capabilities; all of which meet or exceed even the most stringent performance and durability requirements. Examples of heritage programs and results in all areas will be presented as well.

Biography:

Ryspek Usubamatov has completed his Graduation at Bauman Moscow State Technical University. He is a Professional Engineer in Mechanical, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering. He has completed his PhD in 1972 and Dr. Tech. Sc. in 1993. He has worked as an Engineer at a company and Lecturer in universities of Kyrgyzstan and Malaysia. He has supervised around 100 Professional Engineer 15 MSc and 7 PhD students. His key research are Productivity Theory for Industrial Engineering, Gyroscope Theory and Wind Turbines that represented by 7 books, 30 brochures and more than 300 manuscripts in reputed journals and 60 patents.

Abstract:

The origin of the gyroscopic effects is more complex than represented in known theories. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the external torque applied on gyroscopes generates eight inertial torques acting interdependently and simultaneously around two axes. These torques are produced by the rotating the mass elements of the spinning disc and manifest the resistance and precession torques of the gyroscope. Gyroscopic inertial torques are generated by the centrifugal, common inertial, Coriolis forces and as well as the change in the angular momentum of the spinning rotor. Thee torques represent the fundamental principles of gyroscope theory. The interrelated action of several inertial forces on the gyroscope manifests phenomena of their deactivation. New mathematical models for the gyroscopic effects are validated by practical tests. It is proven that gyroscope’s precession velocities are variable. The action of the two external torques leads to the gyroscope’s turn up that proves no antigravity effect. The blocking of the precession motion of the gyroscope leads to the deactivation of the inertial forces of the resistance torques. At this condition, the running gyroscope turns down under the action of the gravity force. The action of centrifugal and Coriolis forces should manifest the resistance torques at the new condition. Nevertheless, practice demonstrates the deactivation of these forces that contradict to principles of physics. Phenomena of the deactivation of the inertial forces for the running gyroscope need a deep study of the physics of this property. Probably, there are other situations that manifest the deactivation of the inertial forces for the moving objects. This is a new challenge for the physics of mechanics.

Biography:

Marek Tulej has completed his PhD at Basel University and Habilitation from University Basel and University Bern, Switzerland. Currently, he is the Staff Member of Planetary Sciences and Space Research Division in Physics Institute, University Bern. He is involved in the development of a miniature analytical instrument for space missions. Currently, he is Co-I in the missions to the Moon (Luna Glob, Luna Resurs) and Jupiter satellite’s (JUICE). He has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member, Journal and Proposal Reviewer. His area of research interest includes space research and planetology, space instrumentation, in situ chemical analysis and astrobiology.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: The suitable analytical instrumentation for searches of the past and/or present life on the other planetary surfaces which could be placed aboard lander or rover is a subject of considerable current interest in space research. In this respect, a combination of laser mass spectrometry and optical microscopy has a great potential to full-fill requirements for the bio signature detection. Such instrumentation combining high resolution imaging
with very sensitive chemical analysis of planetary materials can be used for the analysis of grain size objects with the sizes close to one micrometre. The microbial life forms with these methods can be readily identified. We developed prototypes of space instrumentation which now is used for searches of life forms in rocks or in ice surface. Our near future activities are focused on fitting such an instrument into the stringent requirements of a space mission regarding mass, power, volume and autonomous operations. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The current experimental studies are conducted on fossilized life forms of various ages embedded in mineralogical phase. We use the microscope to conduct morphological and spectral analyses on the rock surfaces surface. The chemical analysis (elemental, isotope and molecular) are conducted using laser mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry yields detection of bio-relevant elements and from the measurement of isotope ratios one can gain conclusions on a biotic or abiotic isotope fractionation mechanism. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI) complement the studies delivering clues of presence of organic or bio-organic molecules. The optical and chemical analyses define bio-signature and have potential to deliver strong evidences on the presence or absence of past or present life on the planetary surfaces.

Biography:

Fusheng Han has completed his PhD at the Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in the year 1997. He is the Professor of ISSP,
Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has published more than 70 papers in reputed journals. He has expertise in processing technologies for advanced metals
and characterizations of microstructures and physical properties of metallic materials. His flexible fabrication method on metallic based lattice structures creates new pathways for improving the structures and functional properties.

Abstract:

Auxetic lattice structures are a type of special lattice structures exhibiting negative Poisson's ratio and unique mechanical properties. Currently, most auxetic lattice structures are made of non-metallic materials, such as
polymers, rubbers and so on, resulting in limited applications. In this study, an aluminum based auxetic structure is prepared through compressed air infiltration technology, and based on this lattice structure; two composites are
also fabricated by filling the pores of lattice structure with different epoxies. It is shown that, by composite route, the lattice structure is pronouncedly enhanced. The flow stress is increased by more than three to five times compared with that of original lattice structures, depending on the strength of fillers. This enhancement is due to the restriction of fillers to the deformation of struts and uniform stress distribution resulted from the viscoelastic characteristics of epoxy.

Biography:

Pitri Bhakta Adhikari has completed his PhD in the year 2018, recently from Tribhuvan University. He is the Assistant Professor of Tribhuvan University. Pitri Bhakta Adhikari is an Assistant Professor of Physics at the Tribhuvan University, Nepal. He is Life time member of Nepal Physical Society since 2000. He has written several text books and reference books for University course related to Science and Technology. He has published research articles in the International Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research and so on. Also he has published research articles in Journal of Nepal Physical Society. He has been serving as an editorial board member of some journals. He has been actively participating in various oral and poster presentations in International Conferences. Recently, he has published an article with new innovation in lightning phenomena. The article is based on unusual lightning electric field waveforms observed in Kathmandu, Nepal and Uppsala, Sweden. He was awarded one of the best presenter in International Conference on Nano -Materials and Computational Physics in 27- 28 December 2017.

Abstract:

Lightning vertical electrical fields pertinent to the subtropical thunderstorms occurring over the rugged terrain were measured and recorded. More than six thousand three hundred flashes within the period of March, 2015 to June, 2017 have been recorded from the measuring station, Kathmandu, Nepal. Different types of lightning have been observed and analyzed among them the cloud-to-ground discharges are 21% and cloud-to-cloud are 34% whereas the unusual events are only 28% and remaining other events are 17%. The fine structures of the electric field signature have been analyzed for the first time in Nepal. Different types of lightning occur due to the lower positive charge region of the tri-pole structure of the cloud and positive lightning occur due to mountainous hilly region. Some unusual lightning events besides the positive lightning and cloud flashes have been observed on multiple thunderstorm days, which were analyzed assuming them to be positive ground flashes. The opposite polarity pulse occurred just prior to the main waveform. The average amplitudes of the opposite-polarity pulses with respect to those of the following main waveform were found to be 38%. The average durations of the main waveform and the
preceding opposite-polarity pulse were 521 μs and 39.7 μs. The vertical electric fields were sensed by a parallel flat plate antenna kept on the top of a building at a height of about twelve meters. Such electric fields have been digitized and stored with the help of Pico scope 6404D and were analysed with the software provided.

Biography:

Artur Martirosyan has completed his PhD at the Institute for Physical Research in the year 1985. He has defended his doctoral dissertation and received the degree of Doctor of Phys.-Math Sciences in 2012. He is the Senior Researcher at the Institute for Physical Research. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and conferences proceedings. His research interests include optics, lasers, remote sensing, astronomy and non-destructive testing.

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for direct detection of changes in location and form distribution of astronomical objects by means of special apodizing filter. The optical transmittance of the filter should be changed by specific quadratic law along the radial direction. The astronomical objects’ parameters are derived by (relative flux powers) → (spatial parameters) transformation. In contrast to image processing, the objects’ characteristics are
calculated (not processed) with simple formulas by using data from non-matrix detectors. It has been proven that, after passing through the filter, the radiant flux of the astronomical object’s image is minimal , if its brightness center coincides with the apodizing filter axis (Fig. 1b). Besides, if transversal displacement d between the brightness center and apodizing filter axis occurs, the power gain of transmitted through the filter rays depends only on the displacement distance and the overall incident power , being independent from the power’s spatial distribution shape of image rays in the cross-sectional plane. These properties of the presented apodizing filter allowed finding displacement and radial standard deviation of the astronomical objects and their spatio-temporal evolution. Dividing these equations, and taking into account, that the relation between σ and radius of the star circle ρ is represented as , the relative uncertainty in detection of star’s brightness center location is estimated as . If the relative error of radiant flux measurements is , we obtain . It is well known that the barycenter of the Sun - Jupiter binary system is located at distance of from the Sun center ( is the Sun radius). Thus, the presented method provides an opportunity to discover exoplanet with the radius of about 37 times smaller than Jupiter’s (i.e. about 3.3 times smaller than Earth’s), if the exoplanet’s star has a mass comparable to the Sun’s.

Biography:

Ryspek Usubamatov has completed his Graduation at Bauman Moscow State Technical University. He is a Professional Engineer in Mechanical, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering. He has completed his PhD in 1972 and Dr. Tech. Sc. in 1993. He has worked as an Engineer at a company and Lecturer in universities of Kyrgyzstan and Malaysia. He has supervised around 100 Professional Engineer 15 MSc and 7 PhD students. His key research are Productivity Theory for Industrial Engineering, Gyroscope Theory and Wind Turbines that represented by 7 books, 30 brochures and more than 300 manuscripts in reputed journals and 60 patents.

Abstract:

An inertial gyroscope in engineering manifests several unexplainable properties which physical nature is still unknown in classical mechanics. The new study demonstrates that the origin of the gyroscopic effects is more complex than presented in known publications. Since the Industrial Revolution, the gyroscope properties are described by the only Euler’s principle that is the change in the angular momentum. Actual practice demonstrates that this principle does not explain all gyroscopic effects. Recent investigations in the area of the gyroscope theory did show that the gyroscopic effects are manifested by the eight inertial resistance and precession torques acting around axes. The action of internal torques is result of action of the external torque. The centrifugal and Coriolis forces generate the first group of inertial torques and the second one generates the common inertial forces and the change in the angular momentum. The action of the external and inertial forces around two axes is simultaneous and interdependent. The action and values of torques can be changed by several reasons. For example, the blocking of the gyroscope motion around one axis deactivates the resistance torques. In such case, the gyroscope turns to dawn under the action only of the gravity force. These phenomena are the manifestation of the unknown property of a physical matter that represents the new challenge for the researchers of classical mechanics. Newton’s laws are justified for the simple action, but for complex one should be written new physical laws. For the example, the rotation of the mass around two axes demonstrates the deactivation of the inertial forces that contradicts the principles of physics. This presentation demonstrates the mathematical model and practical validation of the deactivation of the inertial forces for the rotating object around two axes. Inertial gyroscopes discover new unknown properties that present the challenge for the researchers.

Biography:

Arghirescu S Marius is an independent scientist in physics and inventor and has a doctorate in science and engineering of materials at Politechnica University, Bucharest. He works as Patent Examiner at State Office for Inventions and Trademarks in Romania. He has published three books and more than 30 papers as single author in national and international reviews and has more than 30 patented inventions. He is the author of a cold genesis theory of matter, published in the book: “The Cold Genesis of Matter and Fields” and in some additional papers.

Abstract:

The paper is based on a theory developed by author in the book: “The cold Genesis of Matter and Fields”, based on the Galilean relativity, which explains the discovered elementary particles by a vortexial model, of composite fermion type, as Bose-Einstein Condensate of N gammons considered as thermalized pairs: γ*=(e-e+) of axially coupled electrons with opposed charges. In some papers of CGT it is argued that the particles cold forming from chiral quantum vacuum fluctuations is possible at T→0K by already formed gammons, in a “step-by-step” process, by two possible mechanisms: a) by clustering, with the forming of cold preons: z0= 34 me, and of basic bosons: zπ=7z0; z2=4z0, with hexagonal symmetry and thereafter of cold quarks and pseudo-quarks, by a mechanism with a first step of z*/(q±/q0)*- pre-cluster forming by magnetic interaction and a second step of z/(q±/q0)- collapsed cluster forming, with the aid of magnetic confinement, and b)- by pearlitizing, by the transforming of a bigger Bose-Einstein condensate of gammons or other light bosons, formed in a gravitational field of a black-hole or in a strong magnetaric-like magnetic field, into smaller gammonic clusters which may become particle-like collapsed BEC clusters by the non-destructive collapse of the gammonic BEC secondary clusters. The pearlitizing of the BEC results in the model by the temperature oscillation around the equilibrium temperature of the initial BEC. In the paper it is argued that the second, b)-mechanism, of particle-like gammonic cluster forming, may explain- by CGT, the astro-particles of ultra-high energy, recently evidenced at energies ~1017÷1020eV, considered as emitted by some unknown physical process and which were not predicted by the Standard Model of particles, in the frame of a Galilean relativity, without the einsteinian hypothesis of speed-depending mass variation, by a gammonic or mesonic BEC pearlitizing and non-destructive collapse. The model allows the conclusion that a part of the dark matter could be formed by (ultra)cold astro-particles.

Biography:

Philip M Papaelias had worked for 39 years and 3 months at the National University of Athens. He was Assistant Professor at the Physics Department. He is now Retired, since 2013. He worked first in the Nuclear Physics Laboratory and later in Astrophysics Section. As a researcher he worked in various experiments at CERN, mainly in experiments of antiprotons interactions, in collaboration with American groups. He developed a full theory of antimatter meteors and a successful hypothesis that explains the ball lightning phenomenon and he was awarded with Honor of Excellency from the Greek Ministry of Education and for achieving Excellency in the Physics Department. He has published 13 papers and many in Conferences. He worked as a visitor researcher in Universities of U. K. (Imperial College, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of Wales, in the Oxford Rutherford Laboratory), United States (California) and CERN.

Abstract:

One of the most important problems of Cosmology is the abundance of antimatter in the Universe. It remained unexplained for decades and several theories had been developed to explain the observable absence of antimatter
in our solar system and the rest of the Universe. Except of antiparticles produced by interactions, those models which had been presented are ranging from total absence of antimatter up to symmetric models. These results are based mainly on studies of cosmic rays, but detection of antimatter particles which may have their origin in astronomical sources are not able, up to now, to provide a clear answer. However, cosmic particles and gamma rays from the outer space are not the only entities which continually enter in the atmosphere. Meteors, asteroids and comets can also penetrate the atmosphere and those made of antimatter cannot be excluded, especially when there are several phenomena which can only be explained by such a kind of matter. One of them is the phenomenon of ball lightning, which had been characterized, in the past, as the most mysterious natural phenomenon which was unexplained and none of the presented hypotheses based on ordinary matter was capable of explaining its puzzling properties. During the past decades, author has developed a full theory for the behavior of an antimatter meteor fall in the atmosphere. Applying the results of those studies into several phenomena, it was found that they are also explaining the puzzling properties of the ball lightning. In this study, author will present more results about the existence of antimatter in
our Solar System.

Biography:

Chan Man Ho has obtained his Bachelor degree, Master degree and Doctoral degree in physics at The Chinese University of Hong Kong. He also finished his
second Doctoral degree in philosophy at Hong Kong Baptist University. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Science and Environmental Studies at The Education University of Hong Kong. His research interests include Astrophysics, Cosmology, Philosophy of Science and dialogue between Science and Religion.

Abstract:

In the past few years, some studies claimed that annihilating dark matter with mass~10-100 GeV can explain the GeV gamma-ray excess in our Galaxy. However, recent analyses of the Fermi-LAT and radio observational data rule out the possibility of the thermal relic annihilating dark matter with mass m<100 GeV for some popular annihilation channels. In this presentation, we present our latest observed radio data of the Andromeda galaxy. The lower limits of annihilating dark matter mass are improved to larger than 330 GeV for the most conservative case, which is a few times larger than the current best constraints. Moreover, these limits strongly disfavor the benchmark model of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) produced through the thermal freeze-out mechanism.

Biography:

Katie Miller has completed her Undergraduate Studies in 2018. Before graduating, she started working with Skyrora part time and went full time once she has finished. She has a great passion in Space and the Launch industry. She has worked in the space industry for more than a year now, helping the UK become a launch nation. As a STEM ambassador, she has a great interest in education and outreach, she regularly attends STEM events inspiring the younger generation in the space industry.

Abstract:

Skyrora is a Scotland-based company aiming to support the UK’s plans for space sector growth through the development of an orbital launch vehicle and a number of carefully selected supply chain innovations that we believe will benefit the industry as a whole for years to come. Skyrora is headquartered in central Edinburgh, opposite the historic Edinburgh Castle. We have a diverse team of 120 individuals spread across six workshops in the UK and Europe. Skyrora’s strategy is to take an incremental 'step-by-step' approach to allow for critical testing and de-risking. We utilize proven British technology in combination with advanced manufacturing methods. We take significant inspiration from previous UK space heritage; sharing the same propellant combination as Black Arrow and utilizing learning’s from Skylark's technology for our sub-orbital test programmed. Skyrora are working to identify gaps in the UK and European space industry supply chain while moving quickly to create innovative, long-term solutions for future growth. As part of our incremental de-risking approach, Skyrora are developing four sub-orbital rockets in order to test the avionics, ground control systems, trajectories, payload deployment, recovery systems and insurance of our vehicles in parallel with the development of our orbital rocket. This allows us to perform real tests of these systems, the first of which, Skylark Nano, was successfully launched with a commercial payload in August 2018 from northern Scotland, with the remaining test vehicles due to launch within the next 12 months, including our'SkyHy' and 'SK-1' rockets that will cross the Karman line and officially reach space. All of our launches will be from British soil in an effort to support the overall sector development. Our orbital vehicle, Skyrora XL, consists of 3 stages with a re-ignitable maneuverable third stage allowing for the specific placement of satellites in orbit. The Skyrora XL is capable of carrying 315kg to 500km. Inspiring the next generation of scientists and engineers is a corporate value of Skyrora, several of our staff members are STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) ambassadors and Skyrora have participated in a number of high-profile youth engagement activities across the UK, including the return of Black Arrow from Australia.

Biography:

Marek Tulej has completed his PhD at University Basel and University Bern, Switzerland. Currently, he is the Staff Member of Planetary Sciences and Space
Research Division in Physics Institute at University Bern. He is involved in the development of miniature analytical instruments for space missions. Currently,
he is Co-I in the missions to the Moon (Luna Glob, Luna Resurs) and Jupiter satelites (JUICE). He has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member, journal and Proposal Reviewer. His research interest includes space research and planetology, space
instrumentation, in situ chemical analysis and astrobiology.

Abstract:

Background: On JUICE, the L-class mission of ESA to the Jupiter system the particle environmental package (PEP)will be used to explore Jovian plasma system using remote global imaging and in situ measurements. In particular,
the mass spectrometric measurements of Jovian moons exospheres will be carried out using a neutral/ion mass spectrometer (NIM). Because the exospheres of the icy Jovian moons’ consist of the material originating directly from the surfaces, the measurements deliver at the same time the chemical composition of the moons’ surface and an insight into the evolution of these objects with time, since they started from the same chemical inventory. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The instrument to test against the physical and environmental conditions expected in the Jupiter environment, and measurements near these moons is currently tested. Also, unique laboratory experiments simulating the icy surfaces of the Jovian moons and their response to particle radiation in forming their exospheres are under way accompanying by theoretical modelling of the chemical composition of exospheres. In addition, we will be discussed studies which are conducted to develop necessary shielding against the high energy radiation around Jupiter to protect the instruments.

Biography:

Konstantinos D Kleidis is a Faculty Member of the Mechanical Engineering Department at the Technological Education Institute of Central Macedonia, Greece since March 2010 and Head of the Department since September 2010. His scientific interests include General Relativity, Theoretical Cosmology, and Quantum Gravity. He has published 38 papers of original research and one review article in international refereed journals, one chapter in refereed special volumes (book), and 10 papers in refereed proceedings of international and local meetings. There are more than 200 citations to his work (h-index: 8). He serves as a Referee for 17 international scientific journals.

Abstract:

During the last 20 years, a continuously growing list of observational data has verified the existence of a distributed energy component in the Universe, i.e., one that does not cluster at any scale. Reflecting our ignorance on its exact nature, this new constituent of the cosmic matter-energy content was dubbed dark energy (DE). The determination of DE’s exact nature has become one of the biggest problems in theoretical physics and cosmology; consequently, (too) many models have been proposed. Here, we review a series of recent theoretical results, regarding a conventional approach to the DE concept. In short, by compromising General Relativity and Thermodynamics at cosmo-logical scales, we end up with a model without any extra (dark) energy component. In this model, the Universe is filled with a perfect fluid of self-interacting dark matter (DM), the volume elements of which perform polytropic flows. Consequently, the energy of this fluid’s internal motions should also be considered as a source of the universal gravitational field. As we demonstrate, this form of energy can compensate for the extra (dark) energy needed to compromise spatial flatness in an accelerating Universe. Furthermore, in this case, there is no disagreement between observations and the theoretical prediction of the (distant) supernovae (SNe) Type Ia distribution. In fact, the cosmological model with matter content in the form of a polytropic-DM fluid can interpret to high accuracy any observational data associated with the recent history of Universe expansion, thus arising as a mighty contestant for a realistic DE model.